CHATGPT – ANOTHER STEP TOWARDS THE DIGITAL ERA OR A THREAT TO FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS?

Authors

  • Kouroupis Konstantinos Frederick University, Department of Law, Nicosia, Cyprus https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1193-8224
  • Evie Lambrou Frederick University, Department of Journalism, Communication and Mass Media, Cyprus

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5937/ptp2303001K

Keywords:

Artificial Intelligence, ChatGPT, privacy, personal data, trustworthy AI

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) constitutes one of the most fundamental pillars for the implementation of the EU Digital Agenda. It corresponds to the tremendous ongoing technological evolution which is marked by the spread of the digitalization in both private and public sector. AI tools provide numerous services, such as faster decisionmaking, performance of multiple tasks and repetitive jobs on our behalf and diagnosis of risky situations. This paper puts a special emphasis on the ChatGPT which is considered the most illustrative representative of the current AI technology. Within a minimal time of its existence this innovative viral chatbot has started to dominate the world of AI. However, its use raises serious legal and ethical risks for our privacy and protection of fundamental rights and freedoms, born by the lack of a binding regulatory framework governing AI. Therefore, at first level, this study focuses on the legal regime which governs the use of ChatGPT, by interpreting the legal status, after giving a short demonstration of its function and services (Section I). Secondly, a critical approach will be pursued focusing on special issues regarding this new AI tool on the basis of its application in practice at the area of journalism (Section II). Following that intense analysis, the paper aims to lead to fruitful and original conclusions with the ultimate goal to enhance the establishment of a powerful, safe and trustful digital environment.

References

Ahmed, A. (2023). Chat GPT Achieved One Million Users in Record Time – Revolutionizing Time-Saving in Various Fields. Digital Information World, 27. Downloaded, 2023, March 10 from https://www.digitalinformationworld.com/2023/01/chat-gpt-achieved-one-millionusers-in.html

Anderson, C., W. (2012). Towards a sociology of computational algorithmic journalism. New Media and Society, 15(7), pp. 1005-1021

Augusto, J., C. (2021). Handbook of Smart Cities. 1st ed., Springer, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-69698-6.

Broussard, M., Diakopoulos, N., Guzman, A. L., Abebe, R., Dupagne, M., & Chuan, C. H. (2019). Artificial intelligence and journalism, Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 96(3), pp. 673-695, https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699019859

Buchholz, K. (2023). ChatGPT Sprints to One Million Users, Downloaded, 2023, March 10 from https://www.statista.com/chart/29174/ time-to-one-million-users/

Deuze, M. (2019). What Journalism Is (Not). Social media + society, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305119857202.

Diakopoulos, N. (2019).Automating the news: How algorithms are rewriting the media. Harvard University Press, doi: 10.1177/1464884919876179

Doer, K. (2015). Mapping the field of Algorithm Journalism. Digital Journalism., DOI:10.1080/21670811.2015.1096748

Dörr, K. N., & Hollnbuchner, K. (2017). Ethical challenges of algorithmic journalism. Digital journalism, 5(4), pp. 404-419, https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2016.1167612

EU Digital Agenda on Artificial Intelligence, Downloaded, 2023, March 10 from https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/europe-fit-digital-age/excellence-trust-artificial-intelligence_en.

European Commission (2021). New rules for Artificial Intelligence –Q&As, Downloaded, 2022, July 15 from https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/QANDA_21_1683

Gohil, S., (2023).20+ Epic ChatGPT Statistics & Facts 2023.Downloaded,2022, April, 15 from, https://meetanshi.com/blog/chatgpt-statistics/#:~:text=Sam%20Altman%2C%20the%20founder%20of,confirmed%20the%20same%20via%20Twitter.&text=In%20January%202023%2C%20ChatGPT%20users,word%2Dof%2Dmouth%20marketing

Hillemann, D. (2023). Does ChatGPT Comply with EU-GDPR Regulations? Investigating the Right to be Forgotten. Downloaded, 2023, March 10from https://www.fieldfisher.com/en/insights/does-chatgpt-comply-witheu-gdpr-regulations-inves

Howard, A. B., (2014). The Art and Science of Data-driven Journalism.New York: Tow Center for Digital Journalism, https://doi.org/10.7916/D8Q531V1

Kent, T. (2015). An ethical checklist for robot journalism, Medium updated oct. 2019, Downloaded, 2023, March 10 from https://medium.com/p/1f41dcbd7be2

Kirwan C.G., & Zhiyong F. (2020). Smart Cities and Artificial Intelligence. 1st ed., Elsevier

Kouroupis, K., & Serotila, I. (2022). Privacy and security in light of the European Digital Agenda. Nomiki Bibliothiki

Kovach, B. and T. Rosenstiel (2001) The Elements of Journalism. New York: Crown Publishers

Latar, N. L. (2015). The Robot Journalist in the Age of Social Physics: The End of Human Journalism? In: Einav, G. (ed.), (pp. 65-80). The NewWorld of Transitioned Media, New York, DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-09009-2_6

Marr, B. (2022). ChatGPT: Everything You Really Need To Know (In Simple Terms), Downloaded, 2023, March 10 from https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2022/12/21/chatgpt-everything-you-really-needto-know-in-simple-terms/?sh=27d86519cbca

McBride, K., & Rosenstiel, T. (Eds.). (2013). The new ethics of journalism: Principles for the 21st century. CQ Press

Montti, R. (2022). What is ChatGPT And How Can You Use It?, Downloaded, 2023, March 10 from https://www.searchenginejournal.com/what-is-chatgpt/473664/#close

Poireault, K. (2023). Data Privacy Week: Addressing ChatGPT’s Shortfalls in Data Protection Law Compliance. Downloaded, 2023, March 10 from https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news-features/chatgpt-shortfalls-data-protection/

Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation)

Roose K. (2022). The Brilliance and Weirdness of ChatGPT, New York Times, Downloaded, 2023, March 10 from https://bpb-us-w2.wpmucdncom/hawksites.newpaltz.edu/dist/7/800/files/2023/02/The_Brilliance_And_Weirdness_O.pdf

Shaping Europe’s digital future. Downloaded, 2023, March 10 from https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/high-level-expert-groupartificial-intelligence

Shapiro, I. (2020). To turn or to burn: Shifting the paradigm for journalism education. In: Allen, G., Craft, S., Waddell, C. & Young, M. L. (eds), Toward 2020: New Directions in Journalism Education: Book Review, (pp. 11-27). https://doi.org/10.1177/1077695816662

Simon, F. M. (2022). Uneasy bedfellows: AI in the news, platform companies and the issue of journalistic autonomy. Digital journalism, 10(10), pp. 1832-1854, https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2022.2063150

Simons, J. (2023). The Creator of ChatGPT Thinks AI Should Be Regulated. Downloaded, 2023, March 10 from https://time.com/6252404/mira-murati-chatgpt-openai-interview/

Solaiman, I. et al. (2019). Open AI Report: Release Strategies and the Social Impacts of Language Models. Downloaded, 2023, February 20 from https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.09203 accessed 20/2/2023

Taylor, L. (2023).Colombian judge says he used ChatGPT in ruling. Downloaded, 2023, March 20 from https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/feb/03/colombia-judge-chatgpt-ruling

Van der Haak, B., Parks, M., & Castells, M. (2012). The future of journalism: Networked journalism. International Journal of communication, 6(16).

Winseck, D. (2008). The state of media ownership and media markets: Competition or concentration and why should we care?. Sociology Compass, 2(1), pp. 34-47

Zhang, W., & Pérez Tornero, J. M. (2021). Introduction to AI journalism: Framework and ontology of the trans-domain field for integrating AI into journalism. Journal of Applied Journalism & Media Studies. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1386/ajms_00063_1

Downloads

Published

2023-10-28 — Updated on 2023-10-28

Versions

How to Cite

Konstantinos, K., & Lambrou , E. (2023). CHATGPT – ANOTHER STEP TOWARDS THE DIGITAL ERA OR A THREAT TO FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS?. Pravo - Teorija I Praksa, 40(3), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.5937/ptp2303001K

Issue

Section

Original scientific work