ANALYSIS OF THE DERIVATIVE ACTION MECHANISM AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION LEGAL SYSTEM

Ilja Lučić

doi:10.5937/ptp2603036L

Аутори

Ilja Lučić Pravobranilaštvo grada Beograda, Beograd, Srbija https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6065-546X

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https://doi.org/10.5937/ptp2603036L

Кључне речи:

derivativna tužba, državni kapital, Evropska unija, kompanijsko pravo i odgovornost uprave

Сажетак

Osnovni cilj rada predstavlja naučno istraživanje i kritičku analizu instituta derivativne tužbe kao specifičnog procesnopravnog instrumenta za zaštitu imovinskih interesa privrednih društava sa državnim kapitalom. Istraživanje nastoji da utvrdi na koji način ovaj mehanizam, koji po svojoj prirodi derogira fundamentalne korporativne principe većinskog odlučivanja, može postati efikasan instrument zaštite javnih resursa od štetnih radnji organa upravljanja. Aktuelnost teme i potreba za istraživanjem utemeljeni su u normativnoj nepreciznosti domaćeg regulatornog okvira i marginalnoj primeni ovog instituta u praksi Republike Srbije, uprkos njegovom značajnom potencijalu za suzbijanje korporativne korupcije i unapređenje transparentnosti u upravljanju državnom imovinom. Metodološki okvir rada zasnovan je na multidisciplinarnom pristupu. Primenjena je pravnodogmatska metoda za analizu relevantnih propisa, uz komparativnopravni metodološki pristup koji obuhvata modele Nemačke, Engleske i Srbije. Kroz metodu analize sadržaja relevantne sudske prakse i EU direktiva, istraženi su savremeni trendovi zaštite manjinskih akcionara. Dodatno, primenjena je teleološka metoda radi utvrđivanja društvene svrhe instituta u kontekstu zaštite javne imovine, dok su metodom analize i sinteze dekonstruisani složeni procesnopravni odnosi između društva, uprave i manjinskih članova, čime je omogućeno formulisanje koherentnih predloga za unapređenje zakonodavstva. Rezultati ukazuju na to da su ključne barijere za efektivnu primenu derivativne tužbe u Srbiji visoki troškovi postupka, informaciona asimetrija i rizik od zloupotrebe procesnih ovlašćenja. Komparativna analiza modela Evropske unije potvrđuje da visokofunkcionalni sistemi implementiraju mehanizme prethodne sudske kontrole dopuštenosti i precizno normiranu alokaciju troškova, čime se uspostavlja balans između sprečavanja opstrukcije rada društva i osiguravanja efektivne sudske zaštite za savesne članove. Zaključno, naučni rad nudi konkretne normativne predloge za reformu domaćeg zakonodavstva u skladu sa evropskim standardima, u cilju jačanja korporativne odgovornosti u javnom sektoru.

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